55 How to Implement Automation for Greater Success - Freedom to Ascend

July 19

0 comments

How to Implement Automation for Greater Success

By Hanson Cheng

July 19, 2023


  • minute read
  • Last Updated on July 19, 2023 by Hanson Cheng

    In this comprehensive article, readers will gain a deep understanding of automation, its history, types, components, applications, and its advantages and disadvantages. The article covers early automation examples, the role it played during the industrial revolution, and its growth in the field of robotics and manufacturing. Readers will learn about different types of automation, such as fixed, programmable, flexible, and integrated.

    The article also explains the key components of automation systems, including sensors and actuators, controllers and processors, robotics, machine vision systems, and human-machine interfaces. Furthermore, the article explores various applications of automation, including manufacturing, logistics, healthcare, agriculture, and energy management, and examines both the benefits and drawbacks of implementing automation.

    The History of Automation

    Automation, the act of utilizing machines, control systems, and other technologies to execute tasks without human intervention, has had a rich history that has profoundly impacted various industries across the globe. Over the centuries, automation has evolved from its early roots in simple machines and mechanical systems to complex robotics and artificial intelligence. This article will explore the milestones in the history of automation from its inception to its growth and development in modern times.

    Industrial Revolution and Automation

    The Industrial Revolution in the late 18th and early 19th centuries marked the advent of significant leaps in automation development. The application of steam and water power in conjunction with mechanical systems improved manufacturing efficiency and created the modern factory system. Key inventions during this period include James Watt’s steam engine, the cotton gin, and the spinning jenny, all of which drastically reduced the need for human labor.

    The introduction of assembly lines in manufacturing, such as those implemented by Henry Ford in the early 20th century, further revolutionized automation. Ford’s conveyor belt system expedited assembly times, slashing production costs and reducing consumer goods’ prices. This transformative shift made products more accessible to the general population and dramatically changed the global economy.

    Development of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)

    In the mid-20th century, computers marked a new era for automation. The invention of the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) in the late 1960s by Richard Morley revolutionized manufacturing processes. PLCs allowed factory machinery to be controlled through stored instructions that could be easily modified, updated, and shared among machines. This groundbreaking technology increased production flexibility, accuracy, and productivity while reducing the need for hardwiring and human intervention.

    Growth of Robotics in Manufacturing

    Robots have been instrumental in automation development, increasing production efficiency and liberating workers from repetitive or dangerous tasks. The first industrial robot, Unimate, was introduced in 1959 by George Devol and Joseph Engelberger. Unimate was originally designed to assist with die casting in a General Motors assembly plant, and its success inspired further innovation in robotics.

    ABB, KUKA, Fanuc, and Yaskawa Motoman contributed significantly to industrial robotics advancement throughout the latter half of the 20th century. As technology advanced, robots gradually moved from rudimentary manipulator devices to sophisticated machines equipped with a wide range of motion, sensors, and interactive programming capabilities.

    Types of Automation

    Automation has become an essential part of modern industry, streamlining processes, increasing efficiency, and improving productivity. There are several different types of automation, each with its unique characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. This article will discuss the characteristics and applications of four primary types of automation: fixed automation, programmable automation, flexible automation, and integrated automation.

    Fixed Automation

    Fixed automation, also known as hard automation, is a type of automation system that is designed and customized to carry out a specific operation or task. Once it is set up, it typically remains unchanged over the course of its lifetime. Examples of fixed automation systems include robotic assembly lines and conveyor-based sorting machines.

    The main advantage of fixed automation is its high production rates, making it ideal for large-scale manufacturing operations with consistent demand for the same products. Fixed automation systems are known for their high precision and reliability, which allow companies to produce items quickly and with minimal errors. However, a significant drawback is their lack of flexibility, as changing the system to produce another product or modifying its specifications requires significant time and expense.

    Programmable Automation

    Programmable automation systems can be adjusted to perform various tasks, usually through the use of computer software or specialized hardware. This flexibility allows manufacturers to change the system’s functionality and adapt it to produce a diverse range of products. Examples of programmable automation include computer numerical control (CNC) machines and various types of process control systems.

    The primary advantage of programmable automation is its versatility; manufacturers can easily reconfigure the system to produce different products or adapt to changing customer demands. This capability makes programmable automation especially suitable for small to medium-sized manufacturing plants and businesses in industries that require frequent changes to their product lines.

    However, programmable automation systems usually have lower production rates than fixed automation systems and may have a higher initial setup cost.

    Flexible Automation

    Flexible automation, sometimes known as soft automation, combines the best features of both fixed and programmable automation by providing a system that can efficiently and precisely produce a wide variety of products while maintaining high production rates. These systems typically consist of multiple programmable automation stations connected by material handling equipment, such as conveyors or robots.

    Integrated Automation

    Integrated automation refers to a fully automated system where all aspects of production, from design and planning to manufacturing and quality control, are managed using advanced software, networking technologies, and automation equipment. This type of automation aims to optimize every stage of the production process, resulting in improved efficiency, reduced waste, and increased cost savings.

    The primary advantages of integrated automation include real-time data analysis, rapid decision-making, and seamless communication between different departments and systems. This allows companies to respond quickly to changing market conditions, adjust production schedules, and minimize downtime. Integrated automation solutions are often tailored to the unique needs of each business, incorporating a mix of fixed, programmable, and flexible automation components. Industries that can benefit significantly from integrated automation include pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, and aerospace.

    In summary, fixed, programmable, flexible, and integrated automation offer different levels of efficiency and flexibility, catering to various industry needs. Understanding the advantages and limitations of each type can help businesses select the appropriate automation system for their specific requirements, leading to improved productivity, reduced costs, and increased competitiveness in today’s ever-evolving market.

    Components of Automation Systems

    Automation systems are essential for various industries, providing increased efficiency, accuracy, and reliability in a wide range of processes. These systems are comprised of numerous components that work together to ensure smooth operation. Some of the key elements of automation systems include sensors and actuators, controllers and processors, robotics, machine vision systems, and human-machine interfaces (HMI). Understanding the purpose and functionality of each component is essential to designing and implementing an effective automation system.

    Sensors and Actuators

    Sensors and actuators play a critical role in automation systems, with sensors responsible for collecting data and actuators for executing actions according to that data. Sensors measure various physical properties such as temperature, pressure, motion, and position, converting them into electrical signals that can be analyzed by other components of the system. Common types of sensors used in automation systems include proximity, infrared, and ultrasonic sensors.

    Conversely, actuators are responsible for executing actions based on the data provided by sensors. These actions can include switching mechanisms on or off, adjusting settings, or moving machinery. Different types of actuators are often used in automation systems depending on the specific requirements of a process, such as electric motors, pneumatic cylinders, and hydraulic pistons.

    The combination of sensors and actuators allows for precise control over the operation of equipment, enabling the automation of tasks previously performed by human operators.

    Controllers and Processors

    Controllers and processors act as the brains of an automation system, processing data obtained from sensors and determining the appropriate response. Controllers can range from simple mechanical devices to sophisticated computer systems, with a level of complexity depending on the nature of the automation system.

    Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are a common type of controller utilized in industrial automation systems. PLCs are specifically designed to withstand the harsh environments often found in industrial settings and capable of handling multiple inputs and outputs. They are programmed using specialized languages such as ladder logic, which is designed to resemble the relay control circuits traditionally used in industrial applications.

    In more complex automation systems, additional computing power may be required to handle advanced monitoring, control, and analysis tasks. This can be achieved through the incorporation of computer systems within the automation system, either as standalone devices or integrated into a broader network.

    Robotics

    Robots are an integral part of many automation systems and offer significant advantages in terms of speed, accuracy, and efficiency. They can be used in various applications, ranging from simple repetitive tasks to complex, high-precision operations.

    Industrial robots typically come in two main categories: fixed robots and mobile robots. Fixed robots are typically mounted to a fixed base and are generally limited in terms of movement to a specific range or set of axes. Mobile robots can move about a workspace autonomously, either through wheels, tracks, or other means of locomotion.

    Machine Vision Systems

    Machine vision systems are crucial to many automation systems, allowing devices to “see” and interpret their environment. Machine vision systems typically consist of cameras, lenses, lighting, and specialized software to analyze captured images.

    Machine vision can be used for a wide range of applications, such as object recognition, quality control, and alignment. By implementing machine vision into an automation system, tasks that would typically require human intervention can be performed by machines, leading to increased speed, accuracy, and repeatability.

    Human-Machine Interface (HMI)

    While automation systems strive to reduce the need for human intervention, a degree of interaction between humans and machines is often necessary. Human-machine interfaces (HMIs) serve as the primary point of contact for operators to interact with and monitor the automation system.

    HMIs can take many forms, from simple buttons and switches to complex graphical interfaces on computer screens. Key functions of an HMI include providing the operator with feedback on the status of the system, allowing the input of commands, and displaying relevant process data.

    Automation Applications

    Manufacturing

    Automation has been transforming the manufacturing industry for years, improving productivity, reducing human error, and enhancing cost-effectiveness. From assembly lines to product testing, automation enables a more efficient and streamlined process across multiple industries.

    Automotive Industry

    The automotive industry has been among the first to embrace automation, driving significant improvements in efficiency and production. Automated assembly lines have allowed manufacturers to create vehicles faster, more accurately, and less expensive. Robots are now commonplace on the production floor, carrying out tasks such as welding, painting, and assembling components. Increased automation has also facilitated advancements in automotive technology like electric vehicles and self-driving cars.

    Electronics Production

    Automation has also revolutionized the production of electronic devices, including computers, smartphones, and other gadgets. As manufacturers face an increasing demand for smaller and more sophisticated products, automation allows for precision, speed, and consistency. This leads to reduced defects, lower production costs, and improved time-to-market, which are all essential to remaining competitive in the electronics industry.

    Food and Beverage

    The food and beverage industry can greatly benefit from automation in diverse areas, such as processing, packaging, and distribution. Automation helps ensure consistent quality, minimizes waste, and reduces risks associated with foodborne illnesses. For instance, automated machines have replaced human workers in the packaging process, increasing speed and accuracy.

    Moreover, sophisticated systems are being developed to facilitate food safety inspections, cutting down the time and resources required for manual inspections.

    Logistics and Warehousing

    Automation can dramatically enhance the overall efficiency of logistics and warehousing operations by streamlining processes, improving accuracy, and reducing labor costs. Examples of automation in logistics include automated guided vehicles that transport goods through warehouses, automated storage and retrieval systems that optimize warehouse space, and robotic picking systems that improve accuracy and efficiency in order fulfillment.

    Furthermore, advancements in robotics, IoT, and AI are driving further innovations in logistics, such as drone delivery and autonomous ground vehicles, which could revolutionize how goods are transported.

    Healthcare

    The healthcare sector is rapidly adopting automation technologies to improve patient care, streamline administrative tasks, and enhance overall efficiency. Examples include robotic surgery systems, which provide precise control and increased accuracy during surgeries, and automated laboratory equipment that speeds up the processing and analysis of samples.

    Additionally, AI-powered tools like chatbots and virtual assistants can assist with scheduling appointments, answering questions, and providing personalized health advice.

    Moreover, the growing adoption of telemedicine and remote monitoring technologies has enabled healthcare providers to monitor their patients’ health more closely, ensuring better outcomes while reducing the need for in-person visits.

    Agriculture

    Modern agriculture is increasingly relying on automation and robotics to help meet the growing demand for food worldwide. Examples include autonomous tractors and drone-based crop monitoring, which enable farmers to manage their fields, reduce labor costs, and optimize crop yields.

    Automated systems can also help in managing livestock, such as automated milking machines and feeding systems. These innovations are more efficient and can improve animal welfare and reduce the environmental impact of agriculture.

    Energy Management

    Automation plays a critical role in managing and optimizing energy consumption at the consumer and industrial levels. Building automation systems, for instance, can monitor energy usage, adjust heating and cooling systems, and control lighting to conserve resources and minimize waste. This helps reduce energy costs for homeowners and businesses, as well as lessen environmental impact and resource depletion.

    On a larger scale, automation and smart grid technologies can optimize the production, distribution, and consumption of electricity, ensuring a more sustainable and reliable energy system. This is particularly important as renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, become more prevalent and need to be integrated effectively into the grid.

    Advantages of Automation

    Increased Productivity and Efficiency

    Automation offers significant advantages in terms of increasing productivity and efficiency. Automated systems can operate around the clock, allowing for continuous production and reduced idle time. Unlike humans, machines do not require breaks or experience fatigue, ensuring a stable output rate. With fewer errors and faster speeds, automated processes can also lead to increased efficiency and reduced lead times, ultimately improving overall business performance.

    Improved Quality and Precision

    Automated systems are precise, consistent, and accurate in performing tasks, improving product quality. By eliminating human error, the quality of output becomes more uniform, reducing the need for costly rework or scrapping of defective products. Robots and machines can also execute tasks with high accuracy, which is particularly beneficial in industries requiring intricate work, such as electronics or aerospace manufacturing.

    Enhanced Safety

    Automation can also create safer working environments by taking over hazardous tasks and enabling remote monitoring of machinery or processes. This reduces the risk of injuries or accidents, ensuring the well-being of employees, and may lead to decreased workers’ compensation claims. Additionally, automation can reduce the exposure of workers to unhealthy or dangerous environments, such as extreme temperatures, high noise levels, or radiation.

    Cost-effectiveness

    In the long run, automated processes can result in significant cost savings for businesses. Although the initial investment may be high, improved efficiency and productivity can offset those costs through reduced labor expenses, increased output, and improved quality. For example, automation can lead to a decrease in material waste, thereby reducing manufacturing costs. Furthermore, the long operational life of automated systems can provide returns on investment and contribute to a company’s overall profitability.

    Disadvantages of Automation

    Job Displacement and Unemployment

    One of the primary disadvantages of automation is its potential to replace human jobs, leading to unemployment and workforce displacement. While some jobs may be created in the programming, maintenance, and operation of automated systems, these positions may not be enough to offset the loss of manual labor jobs. Additionally, not all displaced workers may have the required skills or training to transition into these new roles, which can exacerbate unemployment.

    Initial Investment and Maintenance Costs

    Implementing automated systems can be costly, particularly in terms of the initial investment in machinery, programming, and infrastructure. The costs of maintaining and upgrading equipment can also be high, particularly if technology becomes outdated quickly or machines encounter frequent breakdowns. For smaller businesses, these costs may be prohibitive, creating a barrier to entry for automation technologies.

    Rigid and Inflexible Systems

    Automated systems often have limited flexibility and adaptability compared to human workers. While humans can quickly adapt to changing circumstances or learn new tasks, machines and robots, typically require extensive reprogramming or even complete replacement to adjust to new product lines or process modifications. This inflexibility can be a drawback, particularly for industries that rely on rapid innovation and adaptation to market demands.

    Increased Dependency on Technology

    Companies adopting more automated systems become increasingly dependent on technology for daily operations. This can create vulnerabilities, such as the risk of cyberattacks, technical failures, or power outages, which can disrupt production and result in significant financial losses. Additionally, increased dependency on technology can lead to a loss of valuable human skills and knowledge as employees become more removed from the hands-on aspects of their industry.

    In conclusion, while automation offers several significant advantages, including increased productivity, improved quality, and enhanced safety, it also presents challenges, including job displacement, high initial investment costs, and rigid, inflexible systems. To mitigate these disadvantages, businesses must carefully consider the balance between automation and human labor and invest in workforce training and development to help displaced workers transition to new roles within the increasingly automated economy.

    The Future of Automation

    Automation has been on the rise in recent years and continues to evolve at an unprecedented pace. As technology advances and drives increased efficiencies, the future of automation promises even more transformative changes that will reshape industries and our daily lives. In this article, we will explore some of the key areas where we anticipate significant growth and innovation in the field of automation.

    Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things (IoT)

    Industry 4.0 refers to the fourth industrial revolution, characterized by integrating digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and advanced data analytics into traditional manufacturing and industrial practices. At the core of Industry 4.0 lies the concept of interconnectivity, where machines and devices communicate and share data to optimize the production process.

    The IoT is a major driving force behind Industry 4.0, as it enables the collection and utilization of vast amounts of data from various devices and systems. Manufacturers can use this data to improve productivity, reduce waste and downtime, and make data-driven decisions for constant improvement. The IoT also enables remote monitoring and control of production facilities, which allows for flexible and efficient production management.

    Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

    Artificial intelligence (AI) and its subset, machine learning, are revolutionizing the future of automation. These technologies enable machines to learn from data, adapt to changing conditions, and make decisions with minimal human intervention. In the context of automation, AI and machine learning are becoming indispensable tools for optimizing processes, reducing costs, and increasing productivity.

    AI-powered systems can analyze vast amounts of data in real time, allowing for swift corrections in production processes and increasing efficiency. Moreover, these systems have the capacity to predict and prevent equipment failures, reducing maintenance costs and minimizing downtime.

    In the future, AI and machine learning will become even more integrated with automation, leading to increased autonomy among machines and providing opportunities for new use cases across various industries.

    Collaborative Robots (Cobots)

    Collaborative robots, or cobots, are a rapidly growing sector within the field of automation. These robots are designed to work safely and efficiently alongside humans, creating a cooperative environment where machines and people can complement each other’s capabilities.

    Cobots use advanced sensors and machine learning algorithms to recognize human presence, anticipate human movements, and respond accordingly. This advancement allows for efficient and safer interaction between robots and humans, opening up the possibility of automation in areas that were previously considered too dangerous or unsuitable for human-robot collaboration.

    As cobots gain wider acceptance, we can expect a significant increase in their use across various industries. With their ability to increase productivity, reduce workplace injuries, and address labor shortages, cobots will play a crucial role in the future of automation.

    Self-Driving Vehicles and Drones

    Autonomous vehicles and drones are another promising aspect of the future of automation. The technology behind self-driving cars has been developing rapidly, with numerous companies testing and refining their autonomous driving algorithms to improve safety and efficiency on the road.

    In the future, we can expect widespread adoption of self-driving vehicles for both personal and commercial use, leading to decreased traffic congestion, lower fuel consumption, and improved road safety. Additionally, autonomous drones will be increasingly used for tasks such as package delivery, agricultural monitoring, and disaster relief efforts.

    Implications for Workforce and Education

    As automation continues to advance, its impact on the workforce will be significant. While there are concerns about potential job displacement, it is important to remember that automation also has the potential to create new jobs and industries. The onus will be on workers to adapt by learning new skills and embracing the opportunities presented by automation.

    As a result, we can expect a shift in educational and workforce training needs, prioritizing skills such as programming, data analysis, and human-machine collaboration. By preparing workers for the future of automation and leveraging these transformative technologies’ potential, individuals and businesses can thrive in the evolving global landscape.

    Automation – FAQs

    1. What is the primary purpose of automation?

    The primary purpose of automation technology is to improve efficiency, consistency, and accuracy in performing repetitive tasks by replacing manual labor with automated processes. This enables organizations to save time and labor costs and minimize human errors.

    2. How does Automation impact the workforce?

    Automation has the potential to displace certain repetitive and low-skill jobs, leading to job losses. However, it also introduces opportunities for upskilling and re-profiling workers to adapt to technological advancements. Many workers shift to more creative, analytical, and customer engagement roles.

    3. What are the different types of automation?

    Various types of automation include fixed, programmable, and flexible automation. Fixed automation involves machines executing specific tasks in a fixed sequence. Programmable automation allows modifying machine operations, making it suitable for multiple production runs. Flexible automation enables automated equipment to adapt to different products in the same production sequence.

    4. Are there any limitations to implementing automation?

    Yes, some limitations include high initial capital investment for equipment and technology, potential job displacement, and difficulties when unexpected anomalies arise. Furthermore, specialized skills are required to maintain and troubleshoot automated systems, which may lead to additional personnel training and costs.

    5. How has automation technology evolved over time?

    Automation technology has evolved through a progression of stages, beginning with simple mechanical contrivances and evolving into sophisticated computer-controlled machines. Developments in electronics, computer science, AI, and the internet have advanced automation capabilities recently, allowing for greater flexibility and integration.

    6. Can automation contribute to sustainability and environmental protection?

    Yes, automation can contribute significantly to sustainability and environmental protection. Efficient use of resources, reduced wastage, improved product quality, and energy-efficient processes are some of the benefits derived from automation adoption. Additionally, automation leads to the development of cleaner and more environmentally friendly manufacturing processes.

    Thanks For Reading!

    You can get more actionable ideas in my newsletter.

     I'll give you info on actionable ideas to grow and cool things that are getting me excited.  Enter your email and join us!

    Hanson Cheng

    About the author

    Living in Portugal with my wife and puppies.
    Scaling online businesses and sharing lessons learned on this website and in our email newsletter.

    Always happy to hear from you, so find me on Instagram if you want to say hi!

    {"email":"Email address invalid","url":"Website address invalid","required":"Required field missing"}
      >